Annexure to Lesson No. 5
Roots of verbs in Sanskrit
भ्वादि (प्रथम) गण – परस्मैपद
1. अट् to roam, to wander
2. अर्च् to worship, to adore
3. अर्ज् to procure, to earn
4. अर्ह् to deserve, to worship
5. अव् to defend, to protect, to please, to know, to go, to beautify, to like, to
satisfy, toenter, to hear, to beg, to
desire, to shine, to kill, to obtain
desire, to shine, to kill, to obtain
6. काङ्क्ष् to wish, to desire
7. कृष् (कर्ष्) to plough
8. क्रद् (क्रन्द्) to call, to weep
9. क्रीड् to play, to amuse oneself
10. क्रुश् (क्रोश्) to call, to cry, to
lament
lament
11. क्षि(क्षय्) to decay
12. खाद् to eat
13. गद् to speak
14. गम् (गच्छ्) to go
15. गर्ज् to thunder, to roar
16. गल् to drop, to ooze, to drip
17. गै (गाय्) to sing
18. घ्रा (जिघ्र्) to smell
19. चर् to go, to eat, to walk
20. चल् to shake, to move
21. जप् to chant, to mutter
22. जल्प् to murmur, to
prattle
prattle
23. जि (जय्) to conquer
24. जीव् to live
25. ज्वल् to burn, to glow
26. तप् to shine, to heat
27. तॄ (तर्) to cross, to swim, to get over, to go to the
end of, to liberate from
end of, to liberate from
28. त्यज् to abandon
29. (दश्) to bite
30. दह् to burn, to pain, to scorch
31. दा (यच्छ्) to give
32. दृश् (पश्य़्) to see
33. द्रु (द्रव्) to melt, to run, to
rush
rush
34. धाव् to run, to clean, to wash
35. ध्मा(धम्) to blow, to
exhale
exhale
36. ध्यै (ध्याय्) to think of, to
meditate
meditate
37. नट् to dance, to act
38. नद् (नन्द्) to be glad
39. नम् to bow, to bend
40. निद् (निन्द्) to blame, to
condemn
condemn
41. पठ् to read, to recite, to study
42. पत् to fall
43. पा (पिब्) to drink
44. फल् to bear fruit, to result
45. फुल्ल् to bloom , to
open
open
46. भण् to speak, to call
47. भू(भव्) to be, to live, to be
born
born
48. भ्रम् to roam, to wander
49. मद् to be glad, to dry up
50. मील् to close (as the eyes)
51. मूर्च्छ् to faint, to grow, to prevail, to be a
match
match
52. यम् (यच्छ्) to check, to offer,
to lift up, to show
to lift up, to show
53. रक्ष् to protect
54. रुह् (रोह्) to grow, to increase,
to rise, to reach
to rise, to reach
55. लप् to speak, to wail, to whisper, to lament
56. वद् to say, to speak
57. वम् to vomit, to spit out
58. वस् to stay, to dwell
59. वाञ्छ् to wish, to desire
60. वृष् (वर्ष्) to rain, to pour forth
61. व्रज् to go, to proceed, to pass
62. शंस् to praise, to relate
63. शुच् (शोच्) to grieve, to regret,
to bewail
to bewail
64. सद् (सीद्) to sit, to sit down
65. सृ (सर्) to go
66. स्खल् to stumble, to fall down, to slip, to
err
err
67. स्था (तिष्ठ्), to stand, to stay, to dwell, to wait
68. स्मृ (स्मर्) to remember, to think upon
69. स्रु (स्रव्) to flow, to trickle away
70. हस् to smile, to laugh
भ्वादि (प्रथम) गण – आत्मनेपद्
1. अक् (अङ्क्) to mark, to count, to enumerate
2. ईक्ष् to see, to look at
3. ईह् to
aim at
aim at
4. एध् to grow, to increase, to prosper, to boast
5. कत्थ् to praise, to boast
6. कप् (कम्प्) to shake, to tremble
7. कम् to love, to desire, to wish
8. काश् (generally with प्र) to shine
9. क्लृप्(कल्प्) to be fit for, to be
able, to accomplish, to produce
able, to accomplish, to produce
10.क्षम् to endure, to forgive
11.गल्भ् (usually with प्र) to be bold, to be confident
12.गाह् to plunge
13.ग्रथ् to
be crooked
be crooked
14.ग्रथ् (ग्रन्थ्) to lie, to string
together, to fasten
together, to fasten
15.ग्रस् to swallo
16.चेष्ट् to stir, to make efforts
17.च्यु (च्यव्) to go, to slip down
18.जृभ् (जृम्भ्) to yawn
19.डी (डय्) to fly
20.तिज्(तितिक्ष्) to suffer patiently
or with courage, to bear
or with courage, to bear
21.त्वर् to hasten
22.त्रप् to
shy, to be ashamed
shy, to be ashamed
23.त्रै(त्राय्) to protect, to save
from
from
24.द्युत्(द्योत्) to shine
25.ध्वंस् to perish, to ruin,
to fall down, to be reduced to dust
to fall down, to be reduced to dust
i. or power.
26.बाध् to trouble, to disturb, to oppress, to
torment
torment
27.भाष् to speak, to say
28.भास् to shine
29.भिक्ष् to beg, to ask
30.भ्रंश् to fall, to drop down
31.भ्राज् to shine
32.मान् (मीमांस्) to seek knowledge, to
have desire to know
have desire to know
33.मुद् (मोद्) to rejoice, to be
glad
glad
34.यत् to attempt, to
labour, to strive after
labour, to strive after
35.रभ् (generally with आ) to begin,
to embrace, to long for
to embrace, to long for
i. To act rashly
36.रम् to play, to sport, to rejoice at, to take
rest
rest
37.राज् toshine
38.रुच्(रोच्) to shine, to like
39.लभ् to get, to obtain
40.वद् (वन्द्) to bow, to salute, to
praise
praise
41.वृत्(वर्त्) to be, to exist,
tolive on, to occupy
tolive on, to occupy
42.वृध् (वर्ध्) to grow, to increase,
to become stronger
to become stronger
43.वेप् to tremble, to shake
44.वेष्ट् to शक्(शङ्क्) to surround, to wind
around
around
45.शक् (शङ्क्) to doubt, to be
afraid
afraid
46.शंस् to desire,
47.शिक्ष् to learn, to teach
48.शुभ्(शोभ्) to shine
49.श्लाघ् to praise, to flatter, to boast
50.सह् to suffer, to
forbear, to endure
forbear, to endure
51.सेव् to serve
52.स्पन्द् to throb, to
palpitate, to shake
palpitate, to shake
53.स्पर्ध् to compete, to rival
54.स्फुट् to blow, to burst
open
open
55.स्मि(स्मय्) to smile
56.स्यन्द् to ooz, to flow
57.स्रंस् to trickle,
58.स्वाद् to taste
59. ह्लाद् to be
glad, to sound(indistinct)
glad, to sound(indistinct)
भ्वादि (प्रथम) गण – उभयपद
1. क्रम्(क्राम्) to walk, to step
2. खन् to dig, to excavate
3. गुह्(गूढ्) to cover,
to keep secret
to keep secret
4. धृ(धर्) to hold,
to support
to support
5. नी(नय्) to lead,
to carry off, to carry, to settle
to carry off, to carry, to settle
6. पच् to cook,
to digest
to digest
7. बुध्(बोध्) to know,
to mark, to esteem
to mark, to esteem
8. भज् to be
devoted, to honour, to divide, to share
devoted, to honour, to divide, to share
9. भृ(भर्) to
nourish, to fill, to bear, to support
nourish, to fill, to bear, to support
10. भ्राज् to shine
11. यज् to worship, to sacrifice, to honour, to
dedicate, to give
dedicate, to give
12. याच् to beg, to request, to ask
13. राज् to shine, to be at the head
14. लघ्(लङ्घ्) to go,
to fast
to fast
15. वह् to carry, to lead
16. व्यय् to go, to expand, to give away(money)
17. शप् to curse
18. श्रि(श्रय्) to serve,
to cling to, to depend upon, to go to
to cling to, to depend upon, to go to
19. हृ(हर्) to take,
to steal
to steal
20. ह्वे(ह्वय्) to call
by name, to call out, to struggle, to sound
by name, to call out, to struggle, to sound
अदादि (द्वितीय्) गण– परस्मैपद
1. अद् to eat
2. अन् to breathe, to live
3. अस् to be
4. इ to go
5. ख्या to relate, to tell, to be
known, to be famous
known, to be famous
6. जक्ष् to eat, tolaugh
7. जागृ to awake
8. दरिद्रा to be poor
9. दा to cut
10.धु to advance towards, to attack
11.द्रा to run, to sleep (generally
with नि)
with नि)
12.पा to protect, to rule
13.प्सा to eat
14.भा to shine
15.मा to measure, to limit, to
compare with,
compare with,
1. to form, to show
16.या to go, to invade, to pass away
17.यु to join, to separate, to
mix
mix
18.रा to give, to receive, to take
19.रुद् to weep, to shed tears
20.ला to take, to receive
21.वश् to wish, to desire
22.वा to blow, to go
23.विद् to know
24.श्रा to cook, to boil, to mature,
to ripen
to ripen
25.सु to possess power or supremacy
to produce
to produce
26.स्ना to bathe, to perform an
ablution
ablution
27.स्वप् to sleep, to repose
28. हन्
to kill
to kill
अदादि (द्वितीय)गण – आत्मनेपद
1. आस् to sit
2. इ (generally with अधि) to study
3. ईड् to praise
4. ईर् to go, to shake
5. ईश् to rule, to govern,
to be master
to be master
6. चक्ष् to speak, to say
distinctly
distinctly
7. निज् to wash, to clean, to
purify
purify
8. पृज् to come in contact with
9. वस् to wear, to cover
10.वृज् to avoid, to shun
11.शिज् to tinkle, to jingle
12.शी to sleep, to lie down
13. सू to
produce, to yield, to bring forth
produce, to yield, to bring forth
अदादि (द्वितीय) गण – उभयपद
1. ऊर्णु to cover, to surround, to hide
2. दिह् to smear, to plaster, to spread over, to
soil,
soil,
i. to pollute,
to increase, to augment
3. दुह् to milk, to extrat
4. द्विष् to hate, to dislike
5. ब्रू to say, to tell, to speak
6. लिह् to lick, to taste
7. स्तु to praise, to extol, to worship by hymns
जुहोत्यादि (तृतीय) गण – परस्मैपद
1. ऋ to go
2. कि to acquire
3. गा to sing, to praise
4. जन् to be born
5. तुर् to hurry, to hasten
6. धन् to produce, to bear fruit
7. धिष् to sound
8. पृ or पॄ to protect, to fill, to bring out
9. भस् to shine,
to censure, to blame
to censure, to blame
10. भी to fear
11. हा to leave,
to abandon
to abandon
12. हु to offer
as oblation, to fire, to eat
as oblation, to fire, to eat
13. ह्री to be
ashamed, to be modest
ashamed, to be modest
जुहोत्यादि (तृतीय) गण – आत्मनेपद
1. मा to measure
2. हा to go
जुहोत्यादि (तृतीय) गण – उभयपद
1. दा to give
2. धा to hold, to maintain,
to give, to grant, to present,
to give, to grant, to present,
a. to put, to
plan, to bear
plan, to bear
3. निज् to wash, to clean, to purify, to nourish
4. भृ to bear, to protect
5. विज् to separate, to
distinguish
distinguish
6. विष् to surround, to pervade
दिवादि (चतुर्थ) गण – परस्मैपद
1. अस् to throw
2. ऋध् to grow, to increase,
to prosper,to please
to prosper,to please
3. कुप् to be angry
4. कृश् to becomed lean or
thin
thin
5. क्रम् (क्राम्) to step, to walk
6. क्रुध् to be angry
7. क्लम् (क्लाम्) to be tired, to be
sorry
sorry
8. क्लिद् to be wet, to be damp
9. क्लिश् to suffer, to be
afflicted
afflicted
10. क्षम्(क्षाम्) to endure
11. क्षिप् to place, to throw
12. क्षुध् to be hu angry
13. क्षुभ् to move to and fro
14. जॄ (जीर्य्) to grow old
15. तम्(ताम्) to wish, to desire,
to be anxious, to be fatigued
to be anxious, to be fatigued
16. तृप् to be pleased, to
please, to satisfy
please, to satisfy
17. तृष् to be thirsty, to
wish, to wish excessively , to be eager
wish, to wish excessively , to be eager
18. त्रस् to quake, to shake, to
start with fear
start with fear
19. दम् (दाम्) to be tamed, to be
calm, to conquer
calm, to conquer
20.दिव् (दीव्) to gamble, to shine,
to praise, to play, to be glad
to praise, to play, to be glad
to be mad, to be drunk,
to be sleepy, to go
to be sleepy, to go
21.दुष् to
be bad, to be wrong, to be unchaste, to corrupt
be bad, to be wrong, to be unchaste, to corrupt
22. दृप् to be proud, to be greatly delighted
23. द्रुह् to bear malice or hatred
24. नश् to be lost, to perish
25. नृत् to dance
26. पुष् to nourish
27. भ्रम् (भ्राम्) to move around (in a
circle)
circle)
28. भ्रंश् (भ्रश्) to fall down, to
decline
decline
29. मद् (माद्) to be glade
30. मिद् (मेद्) to melt
31. मुह् to faint, to swoon, to
fall, to err, to be foolish
fall, to err, to be foolish
32. मृग् to seek, to search
for, to hunt, to examine
for, to hunt, to examine
33. राध् to grow, to prosper
34. रुध् to desire, to obey, to
consider
consider
35. लुभ् to covet
36. व्यध् to hurt, to strike, to
kill, to pierce
kill, to pierce
37. शम्(शाम्) to be calm, to stop
38. शुध् to be pure, to have
doubts removed
doubts removed
39. शुष् to dry up, to be
dried, to be afflicted
dried, to be afflicted
40. श्रम्(श्राम्) to take pains, to
mortify the body (by penance etc)
mortify the body (by penance etc)
41. श्लिष् to embrace, to stick, to unite
42. ष्ठिव् to spit
43.सिध् to
be fulfilled, to attain one’s end, to succeed, to accomplish
be fulfilled, to attain one’s end, to succeed, to accomplish
44. स्निह् to love
45. सिव् – सीव् to stitch, to join to
sew
sew
46. स्विद् to sweat, to perspire
दिवादि (चतुर्थ) गण –आत्मनेपद
1. ई to go
2. काश् (generally with प्र) to shine
3. क्लिश् to suffer, to feel
pain
pain
4. खिद् to suffer pain
5. चूर् to burn
6. जन् (जा) to be
born
born
7. जूर् to hurt, to kill, to
grow old
grow old
8. डी to fly
9. तप् to rule, to be
powerful, to shine
powerful, to shine
10.तूर् to go quickly, to
kill, to hurt
kill, to hurt
11.दी to perish, to waste
12.दीप् to shine, to blaze
13.दू to suffer pain, to be sorry
14.धी to hold, to contain
15.धूर् to kill, to hurt, to
go
go
16.पद् to go, to move
17.पी to drink
18. पूर् to fill,
to satisfy
to satisfy
19.प्री to be satisfied, to
be pleased
be pleased
20.बुध् to know, to
understand
understand
21.मन् to think, to suppose,
to imagine
to imagine
22.मा to measure
23.युज् to meditate
24.युध् to fight, to wage war
25.री to distill, to ooze,
to flow
to flow
26.रुध् (generally with अनु) to
consider, to desire, to obey
consider, to desire, to obey
27.लिश् to be small or
reduced
reduced
28. ली to stick
fimly, to lie or rest on, to adhere, to dwell in,
fimly, to lie or rest on, to adhere, to dwell in,
to hide, to embrace
29. विद् to be
30.वृत् to choose, to divide
31.सू to bring forth, to produce, to yield
32. सृज् to be sent
forth, to create
forth, to create
दिवादि (चतुर्थ) गण – भयपद
1. नह् to
tie
tie
2. मृष् to endure
3. रञ्ज् (रज्) to redden, to be
dyed, to be pleased, to be devoted to, to be in love with
dyed, to be pleased, to be devoted to, to be in love with
4. लष् to
wish, to desire
wish, to desire
5. शक् to be able
6. शप् to curse
7. शुच् to be wet, to be afflicted, to purify
स्वादि (पञ्चम) गण – परस्मैपद
1. आप् to
pervade, to obtain
pervade, to obtain
2. ऋध् to
grow, to increase
grow, to increase
3. तिक् to
attack, to go
attack, to go
4. तृप् to
be pleased or contented
be pleased or contented
5. दम्भ् to
hurt, to deceive
hurt, to deceive
6. दु to
burn, to pain, to distress
burn, to pain, to distress
7. धि to satisfy
8. धृष् to hold, to be proud, to dare
9. पृ to please
10.राध् to accomplish, to propitiate, to succeed
11.शक् to be able, to have
power to effect
power to effect
12.श्रु to hear, to listen to
13.स्मृ to please, to protect
14.हि to go, to promote
स्वादि (पञ्चम) गण –आत्मनेपद
1. अश् to pervade, to accumulate
2. स्तिध् to ascend, to assail,
to attack
to attack
स्वादि (पञ्चम) गण – उभयपद
1. कृ to hurt, to kill
2. चि to collect, to gather (flowers etc), to
search, keepin the sacred fire
search, keepin the sacred fire
3. धू to shake,
to tremble
to tremble
4. मि to throw,
to measure
to measure
5. वृ to choose
6. शि to sharpen, to whet, to excite
7. सि to bind,
to tie
to tie
8. सु to bathe,
to extract juice
to extract juice
9. स्तृ to cover
तुदादि (षष्ठ) गण – परस्मैपद
1. इष्(इच्छ्) to wish,to desire
2. उछ्(उच्छ्) to finish, to abandon
3. उछ्(उच्छ्) to clean
4. ऋच् to praise
5. ऋच्छ् to go, to sense, to destroy, to
incarnate, to exist,
incarnate, to exist,
1. to become hard.
6. कॄ (किर्) to scatter
7. गुफ्(गुम्फ्) to string together
8. गॄ(गिर्) to swallow, to devour
9. प्रच्छ् (पृच्छ्) to ask questions
10. भुज् to act in a crooked
way
way
11. मस्ज् (मज्ज्) to bathe, to dip
12. मृश् to touch, to rub, to
stroke
stroke
13. रुज् to break to pieces, to
destroy, to pain
destroy, to pain
14. लिख् to write, to draw a
line, to sketch
line, to sketch
15. विश् to enter
16. षद् (सीद्) to sit, to lie down,
to sink, to live, to reside, to be in distress, to perish, to decay
to sink, to live, to reside, to be in distress, to perish, to decay
17. सृज् to create, to produce
18. स्पृश् to touch
19. स्फुट् to split, to open, to burst, to blossom
20.स्फुर् to palpitate, to shake, to tremble
तुदादि ( षष्ठ ) गण आत्मनेपद
1. जुष् to
be pleased, to be favourable
be pleased, to be favourable
2. धृ (ध्रिय्)to be, to exist, to
live, to continue to live
live, to continue to live
3. मृ(मृय्) to die, to perish
4. लस्ज्(लज्ज्) to feel ashamed, to
blush
blush
5. निज् to tremble, to move
तुदादि (षष्ठ) गण उभयपद
1. कृत् (कृन्त्) to cut
2. कृष् to make furrows, to plough
3. क्षिप् to throw
4. तुद् to strike, to wound, to hurt, to pain
5. दिश् to point out, to show,
6. नुद् to push, to incite, to remove, to throw
7. भ्रस्ज् (भ्रज्ज्) to fry, to roast, to
parch
parch
8. मिल् to join, to be united with, to meet together
9. मुच् (मुञ्च) to release, to loose,
to set free, to leave, to abandon
to set free, to leave, to abandon
10.लिप् (लिम्प्) to anoint, to smear
11.लुप् (लुम्प्) to break, to cut off
12.विद् (विन्द्) to get, to gain
13.सिच्(सिञ्च्) to sprinkle
रुधादि (सप्तम) गण – परस्मैपद
1. अञ्ज् to
smear with, to go, to make clear, to shine
smear with, to go, to make clear, to shine
2. उन्द् to wet, to moisten
3. कृत् to surround, to twist
round
round
4. तञ्च्/ज् to contract, to shrink
5. पिष् to pound, to crush
6. पृच् to come in contact with
7. भुज् to rule, to govern, to
enjoy, to eat
enjoy, to eat
8. विज् to tremble, to fear
9. वृज् to avoid
10. शिष् to leave remaining, to
distinguish from others
distinguish from others
11. हिंस् to kill
रुधादि (सप्तम) गण –आत्मनेपद
1. इन्ध् to shine, to kindle
2. खिद् to be depressed, to suffer pain/misery
3. विद् to consider, to discuss
रुधादि (सप्तम) गण – उभयपद
1. क्षुद् to strike
against, to pound
against, to pound
2. छिद् to
separate into two, to cut, to mow
separate into two, to cut, to mow
3. छृदिर् to shine,
to gamble, to vomit
to gamble, to vomit
4. तृदिर् to kill,
to disregard
to disregard
5. भिद् to split,
to divide
to divide
6. युज् to unite,
to join
to join
7. रिच् to purge,
to empty
to empty
8. रुध् to
obstruct, to prevent
obstruct, to prevent
9. विच् to
separate
separate
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