Monday, January 01, 2018

Annexure to Lesson No. 5
               
Roots of verbs in Sanskrit
भ्वादि (प्रथमगण – परस्मैपद
1.  अट्   to roam, to wander
2.  अर्च्  to worship, to adore                                       
3.  अर्ज्  to procure, to earn
4.  अर्ह्  to deserve, to worship                       
5. अव्  to defend, to protect, to please,  to know, to go, to beautify, to like, to
     satisfy, toenter, to hear, to beg, to
desire, to shine, to kill, to obtain                
6.  काङ्क्ष्  to wish, to desire                         
7.  कृष् (कर्ष्)  to plough                        
8.  क्रद् (क्रन्द्) to call, to weep                  
9.  क्रीड्  to play, to amuse oneself              
10. क्रुश् (क्रोश्) to call, to cry, to
lament          
11. क्षि(क्षय्)  to decay                             
12. खाद्     to eat                               
13. गद्      to speak                            
14. गम् (गच्छ्)  to go                                   
15. गर्ज्     to thunder, to roar                               
16. गल्     to drop, to ooze, to drip                          
17. गै (गाय्) to sing                             
18. घ्रा (जिघ्र्) to smell                              
19. चर्   to go, to eat, to walk                        
20. चल्  to shake, to move                     
21. जप्  to chant, to mutter                                   
22. जल्प् to murmur, to
prattle                                  
23. जि (जय्)  to conquer                                       
24. जीव्   to live                                    
25. ज्वल्   to burn, to glow                                 
26. तप्     to shine, to heat                                
27. तॄ (तर्)  to cross, to swim, to get over, to go to the
end of, to liberate from                       
28. त्यज्     to abandon                              
29. (दश्) to bite                                
30. दह्      to burn, to pain, to scorch             
31. दा (यच्छ्) to give                               
32. दृश् (पश्य़्) to see                               
33. द्रु (द्रव्) to melt, to run, to
rush                  
34. धाव्  to run, to clean, to wash                  
35. ध्मा(धम्) to blow, to
exhale                      
36. ध्यै (ध्याय्) to think of, to
meditate                
37. नट्  to dance, to act                              
38. नद् (नन्द्) to be glad                           
39. नम् to bow, to bend                           
40. निद् (निन्द्) to blame, to
condemn             
41. पठ्  to read, to recite, to study                   
42. पत् to fall                                    
43. पा (पिब्) to drink                                 
44. फल्  to bear fruit, to result                       
45. फुल्ल् to bloom , to
open                           
46. भण्  to speak, to call                             
47. भू(भव्) to be, to live, to be
born                      
48. भ्रम्  to roam, to wander                             
49. मद्   to be glad, to dry up                                     
50. मील्  to close (as the eyes)                                  
51. मूर्च्छ्  to faint, to grow, to prevail, to be a
match             
52. यम् (यच्छ्) to check, to offer,
to lift up, to show    
53. रक्ष्  to protect                                         
54. रुह् (रोह्) to grow, to increase,
to rise, to reach     
55. लप्  to speak, to wail, to whisper, to lament       
56. वद्   to say, to speak                                   
57. वम्   to vomit, to spit out                                       
58. वस्   to stay, to dwell                                           
59. वाञ्छ्  to wish, to desire                                         
60. वृष् (वर्ष्)  to rain, to pour forth                                            
61. व्रज्    to go, to proceed, to pass                                
62. शंस्    to praise, to relate                                            
63. शुच् (शोच्) to grieve, to regret,
to bewail                          
64. सद् (सीद्)  to sit, to sit down                                     
65. सृ (सर्)    to go                                                 
66. स्खल्      to stumble, to fall down, to slip, to
err                 
67. स्था (तिष्ठ्),  to stand, to stay, to dwell, to wait                    
68. स्मृ (स्मर्)   to remember, to think upon                          
69. स्रु (स्रव्)     to flow, to trickle away                                         
70. हस्         to smile, to laugh                                    
भ्वादि (प्रथमगण – आत्मनेपद्
1.  अक् (अङ्क्)  to mark, to count, to enumerate
2. ईक्ष् to see, to look at
3. ईह्  to
aim at
4. एध् to grow, to increase, to prosper, to boast
5. कत्थ् to praise, to boast
6. कप् (कम्प्) to shake, to tremble
7. कम् to love, to desire, to wish
8. काश् (generally with प्र) to shine
9. क्लृप्(कल्प्) to be fit for, to be
able, to accomplish, to produce
10.क्षम् to endure, to forgive
11.गल्भ् (usually with प्र)  to be bold, to be confident
12.गाह् to plunge
13.ग्रथ्  to
be crooked 
14.ग्रथ् (ग्रन्थ्) to lie, to string
together, to fasten
15.ग्रस् to swallo
16.चेष्ट् to stir, to make efforts
17.च्यु (च्यव्) to go, to slip down
18.जृभ् (जृम्भ्) to yawn
19.डी (डय्) to fly
20.तिज्(तितिक्ष्) to suffer patiently
or with courage, to bear
21.त्वर् to hasten
22.त्रप्  to
shy, to be ashamed
23.त्रै(त्राय्) to protect, to save
from
24.द्युत्(द्योत्) to shine
25.ध्वंस् to perish, to ruin,
to fall down, to be reduced to dust
                      
i.   
or power.
26.बाध्  to trouble, to disturb, to oppress, to
torment
27.भाष्  to speak, to say
28.भास्  to shine
29.भिक्ष्  to beg, to ask
30.भ्रंश्   to fall, to drop down
31.भ्राज् to shine
32.मान् (मीमांस्) to seek knowledge, to
have desire to know
33.मुद् (मोद्) to rejoice, to be
glad
34.यत् to attempt, to
labour, to strive after 
35.रभ्  (generally with ) to begin,
to embrace, to long for
                      
i.   
To act rashly
36.रम्  to play, to sport, to rejoice at, to take
rest
37.राज्  toshine
38.रुच्(रोच्) to shine, to like
39.लभ् to get, to obtain
40.वद् (वन्द्) to bow, to salute, to
praise
41.वृत्(वर्त्) to be, to exist,
tolive on, to occupy
42.वृध् (वर्ध्) to grow, to increase,
to become stronger
43.वेप् to tremble, to shake
44.वेष्ट् to शक्(शङ्क्) to surround, to wind
around
45.शक् (शङ्क्) to doubt, to be
afraid
46.शंस् to desire,
47.शिक्ष् to learn, to teach
48.शुभ्(शोभ्) to shine
49.श्लाघ्  to praise, to flatter, to boast
50.सह् to suffer, to
forbear, to endure
51.सेव् to serve
52.स्पन्द् to throb, to
palpitate, to shake
53.स्पर्ध् to compete, to rival
54.स्फुट् to blow, to burst
open
55.स्मि(स्मय्) to smile
56.स्यन्द् to ooz, to flow
57.स्रंस्   to trickle,
58.स्वाद्  to taste
59. ह्लाद् to be
glad, to sound(indistinct)
भ्वादि (प्रथमगण – उभयपद
1.  क्रम्(क्राम्)  to walk, to step
2.  खन्  to dig, to excavate
3.  गुह्(गूढ्) to cover,
to keep secret
4.  धृ(धर्) to hold,
to support
5.  नी(नय्) to lead,
to carry off, to carry, to settle
6.  पच् to cook,
to digest
7.  बुध्(बोध्) to know,
to mark, to esteem
8.  भज् to be
devoted, to honour, to divide, to share
9.  भृ(भर्) to
nourish, to fill, to bear, to support
10. भ्राज् to shine
11. यज्  to worship, to sacrifice, to honour, to
dedicate, to give
12. याच्  to beg, to request, to ask
13. राज्  to shine, to be at the head
14. लघ्(लङ्घ्)   to go, 
to fast
15. वह्   to carry, to lead
16. व्यय्  to go, to expand, to give away(money)
17. शप्  to curse 
18. श्रि(श्रय्) to serve,
to cling to, to depend upon, to go to
19. हृ(हर्) to take,
to steal
20. ह्वे(ह्वय्) to call
by name, to call out, to struggle, to sound
अदादि (द्वितीय्गण– परस्मैपद
1.  अद्   to eat
2. अन्   to breathe, to live
3. अस्   to be
4.      to go
5. ख्या   to relate, to tell, to be
known, to be famous
6. जक्ष्   to eat, tolaugh
7. जागृ   to awake
8. दरिद्रा  to be poor 
9. दा     to cut
10.धु    to advance towards, to attack
11.द्रा    to run, to sleep (generally
with 
नि
12.पा    to protect, to rule
13.प्सा   to eat
14.भा    to shine
15.मा    to measure, to limit, to
compare with,
1.  to form, to show
16.या    to go, to invade, to pass away
17.यु    to join, to separate, to
mix 
18.रा    to give, to receive, to take
19.रुद्   to weep, to shed tears
20.ला    to take, to receive
21.वश्   to wish, to desire
22.वा    to blow, to go
23.विद्   to know
24.श्रा    to cook, to boil, to mature,
to ripen
25.सु     to possess power or supremacy
to produce 
26.स्ना    to bathe, to perform an
ablution
27.स्वप्   to sleep, to repose
28. हन्   
to kill
अदादि (द्वितीय)गण – आत्मनेपद
1.  आस्  to sit
2.  (generally with अधि)  to study
3. ईड्  to praise
4. ईर्  to go, to shake
5. ईश् to rule, to govern,
to be master 
6. चक्ष् to speak, to say
distinctly
7. निज् to wash, to clean, to
purify
8. पृज्  to come in contact with
9. वस्  to wear, to cover
10.वृज्  to avoid, to shun
11.शिज् to tinkle, to jingle
12.शी to sleep, to lie down
13. सू to
produce, to yield, to bring forth
अदादि (द्वितीयगण – उभयपद
1.  ऊर्णु  to cover, to surround, to hide
2. दिह्  to smear, to plaster, to spread over, to
soil,
                      
i.   
to pollute,
to increase, to augment
3. दुह्   to milk, to extrat
4. द्विष्  to hate, to dislike
5. ब्रू    to say, to tell, to speak
6. लिह्  to lick, to taste
7. स्तु   to praise, to extol, to worship by hymns
जुहोत्यादि (तृतीयगण – परस्मैपद
1.    to go
2.  कि  to acquire
3.  गा  to sing, to praise
4.  जन् to be born
5.  तुर्  to hurry, to hasten
6.  धन्  to produce, to bear fruit
7.  धिष्  to sound
8.  पृ or पॄ  to protect, to fill, to bring out
9.  भस् to shine,
to censure, to blame
10. भी to fear
11. हा to leave,
to abandon
12. हु to offer
as oblation, to fire, to eat
13. ह्री to be
ashamed, to be modest
जुहोत्यादि (तृतीयगण – आत्मनेपद
1.  मा to measure
2.  हा to go
जुहोत्यादि (तृतीय) गण – उभयपद
1.  दा to give
2. धा to hold, to maintain,
to give, to grant, to present,
a.  to put, to
plan, to bear
3. निज्  to wash, to clean, to purify, to nourish
4. भृ to bear, to protect
5. विज् to separate, to
distinguish
6.  विष्  to surround, to pervade
दिवादि (चतुर्थ) गण – परस्मैपद
1. अस् to throw
2.  ऋध् to grow, to increase,
to prosper,to please
3.  कुप् to be angry
4.  कृश् to becomed lean or
thin
5.  क्रम् (क्राम्) to step, to walk
6.  क्रुध् to be angry
7.  क्लम् (क्लाम्) to be tired, to be
sorry
8.  क्लिद् to be wet, to be damp
9.  क्लिश् to suffer, to be
afflicted
10. क्षम्(क्षाम्) to endure
11. क्षिप्  to place, to throw
12. क्षुध्   to be hu angry
13. क्षुभ्   to move to and fro
14. जॄ (जीर्य्) to grow old
15. तम्(ताम्) to wish, to desire,
to be anxious, to be fatigued
16. तृप् to be pleased, to
please, to satisfy
17. तृष् to be thirsty, to
wish, to wish excessively , to be eager
18. त्रस् to quake, to shake, to
start with fear
19. दम् (दाम्) to be tamed, to be
calm, to conquer
20.दिव् (दीव्) to gamble, to shine,
to praise, to play, to be glad
to be mad, to be drunk,
to be sleepy, to go 
21.दुष्  to
be bad, to be wrong, to be unchaste, to corrupt
22. दृप्  to be proud, to be greatly delighted
23. द्रुह्  to bear malice or hatred
24. नश् to be lost, to perish
25. नृत् to dance
26. पुष्  to nourish
27. भ्रम् (भ्राम्) to move around (in a
circle)
28. भ्रंश् (भ्रश्) to fall down, to
decline
29. मद् (माद्) to be glade
30. मिद् (मेद्) to melt
31. मुह् to faint, to swoon, to
fall, to err, to be foolish
32. मृग् to seek, to search
for, to hunt, to examine
33. राध् to grow, to prosper
34. रुध् to desire, to obey, to
consider
35. लुभ् to covet
36. व्यध् to hurt, to strike, to
kill, to pierce
37. शम्(शाम्)  to be calm, to stop
38. शुध् to be pure, to have
doubts removed
39. शुष् to dry up, to be
dried, to be afflicted
40. श्रम्(श्राम्) to take pains, to
mortify the body (by penance etc)
41. श्लिष्  to embrace, to stick, to unite
42. ष्ठिव्   to spit
43.सिध्   to
be fulfilled, to attain one’s end, to succeed, to accomplish
44. स्निह्  to love
45. सिव् – सीव् to stitch, to join to
sew
46. स्विद् to sweat, to perspire
दिवादि (चतुर्थ) गण –आत्मनेपद
1.    to go
2. काश् (generally with प्र) to shine
3. क्लिश् to suffer, to feel
pain
4. खिद् to suffer pain
5. चूर् to burn
6. जन् (जा) to be
born
7. जूर् to hurt, to kill, to
grow old
8. डी to fly
9. तप् to rule, to be
powerful, to shine
10.तूर् to go quickly, to
kill, to hurt
11.दी to perish, to waste
12.दीप् to shine, to blaze
13.दू  to suffer pain, to be sorry
14.धी to hold, to contain
15.धूर् to kill, to hurt, to
go
16.पद्  to go, to move
17.पी  to drink
18. पूर् to fill,
to satisfy                                  
19.प्री to be satisfied, to
be pleased
20.बुध् to know, to
understand
21.मन् to think, to suppose,
to imagine
22.मा to measure
23.युज् to meditate
24.युध् to fight, to wage war
25.री to distill, to ooze,
to flow
26.रुध् (generally with अनु) to
consider, to desire, to obey
27.लिश् to be small or
reduced
28. ली to stick
fimly, to lie or rest on, to adhere, to dwell in,
    to hide, to embrace
29. विद् to be
30.वृत् to choose, to divide
31.सू  to bring forth, to produce, to yield
32. सृज् to be sent
forth, to create
दिवादि (चतुर्थ) गण – भयपद
1. नह्  to
tie
2. मृष् to endure
3. रञ्ज् (रज्) to redden, to be
dyed, to be pleased, to be devoted to, to be in love with
4. लष्  to
wish, to desire
5. शक् to be able
6. शप् to curse
7. शुच् to be wet, to be afflicted, to purify
स्वादि (पञ्चमगण – परस्मैपद
1. आप्  to
pervade, to obtain
2. ऋध्  to
grow, to increase
3. तिक्  to
attack, to go
4. तृप्   to
be pleased or contented
5. दम्भ्  to
hurt, to deceive
6. दु  to
burn, to pain, to distress
7. धि to satisfy
8. धृष् to hold, to be proud, to dare
9. पृ  to please
10.राध्  to accomplish, to propitiate, to succeed
11.शक् to be able, to have
power to effect
12.श्रु to hear, to listen to
13.स्मृ to please, to protect
14.हि to go, to promote
स्वादि (पञ्चमगण –आत्मनेपद
1. अश्  to pervade, to accumulate
2. स्तिध् to ascend, to assail,
to attack
स्वादि (पञ्चम) गण – उभयपद
1. कृ  to hurt, to kill
2.  चि  to collect, to gather (flowers etc), to
search, keepin the sacred fire
3.  धू to shake,
to tremble
4.  मि to throw,
to measure
5.  वृ  to choose
6.  शि  to sharpen, to whet, to excite
7.  सि to bind,
to tie
8.  सु to bathe,
to extract juice
9. स्तृ to cover
तुदादि (षष्ठगण – परस्मैपद
1. इष्(इच्छ्)  to wish,to desire
2.  उछ्(उच्छ्)  to finish, to abandon
3.  उछ्(उच्छ्)  to clean
4.  ऋच्       to praise
5.  ऋच्छ्      to go, to sense, to destroy, to
incarnate, to exist,
1. to become hard.
6.  कॄ (किर्)   to scatter
7.  गुफ्(गुम्फ्)  to string together
8.  गॄ(गिर्)   to swallow, to devour
9.  प्रच्छ् (पृच्छ्) to ask questions
10. भुज् to act in a crooked
way
11. मस्ज् (मज्ज्) to bathe, to dip
12. मृश् to touch, to rub, to
stroke
13. रुज् to break to pieces, to
destroy, to pain
14. लिख् to write, to draw a
line, to sketch
15. विश्  to enter
16. षद् (सीद्) to sit, to lie down,
to sink, to live, to reside, to be in distress, to perish, to decay
17. सृज् to create, to produce
18. स्पृश् to touch
19. स्फुट्  to split, to open, to burst, to blossom
20.स्फुर् to palpitate, to shake, to tremble
तुदादि षष्ठ ) गण आत्मनेपद
1. जुष्  to
be pleased, to be favourable
2. धृ (ध्रिय्)to be, to exist, to
live, to continue to live
3. मृ(मृय्) to die, to perish
4. लस्ज्(लज्ज्) to feel ashamed, to
blush
5. निज् to tremble, to move
तुदादि (षष्ठगण उभयपद
1. कृत् (कृन्त्) to cut
2. कृष् to make furrows, to plough
3. क्षिप् to throw
4. तुद् to strike, to wound, to hurt, to pain
5. दिश् to point out, to show,
6. नुद्  to push, to incite, to remove, to throw
7. भ्रस्ज् (भ्रज्ज्) to fry, to roast, to
parch
8. मिल्  to join, to be united with, to meet together
9. मुच् (मुञ्च) to release, to loose,
to set free, to leave, to abandon
10.लिप् (लिम्प्) to anoint, to smear
11.लुप् (लुम्प्) to break, to cut off
12.विद् (विन्द्)  to get, to gain
13.सिच्(सिञ्च्) to sprinkle
रुधादि (सप्तमगण – परस्मैपद
1. अञ्ज्  to
smear with, to go, to make clear, to shine
2.  उन्द् to wet,  to moisten
3.  कृत् to surround, to twist
round
4.  तञ्च्/ज् to contract, to shrink
5.  पिष् to pound, to crush
6.  पृच्  to come in contact with
7.  भुज् to rule, to govern, to
enjoy, to eat
8.  विज् to tremble, to fear
9.  वृज् to avoid
10. शिष् to leave remaining, to
distinguish from others
11. हिंस् to kill
रुधादि (सप्तमगण –आत्मनेपद
1.  इन्ध्  to shine, to kindle
2.  खिद्  to be depressed, to suffer pain/misery
3.  विद्  to consider, to discuss
रुधादि (सप्तमगण – उभयपद
1.  क्षुद् to strike
against, to pound
2.  छिद् to
separate into two, to cut, to mow
3.  छृदिर् to shine,
to gamble, to vomit
4.  तृदिर् to kill,
to disregard
5.  भिद् to split,
to divide
6.  युज् to unite,
to join
7.  रिच् to purge,
to empty
8.  रुध् to
obstruct, to prevent
9.  विच् to
separate
तनादि ( अष्टम ) गण  आत्मनेपद
1.  मन् to consider, to esteem
2.  वन् to beg, to ask
तनादि (अष्टमगण उभयपद
1.  ऋण्  to go    
2.  कृ    to do
3.  क्षण्  to kill, to hurt
4.  क्षिण् to kill, to injure
5.  घृण् to shine, to burn
6.  तन्  to stretch, to extend, to lengthen, to spread
7.  तृण् to eat grass
8.  सन् to give away, to
honour with gift
क्रयादि (नवमगण – परस्मैपद
1.  अश्  to eat
2.     to go, to move
3.  कॄ   to hurt, to kill
4.  गॄ   to sound
5.  ग्रन्थ् to
arrange, to class together, to connect in a regular series
6.  जॄ to grow
old
7.  ज्ञा to know,
to learn
8.  ज्या to grow
old
9.  दॄ to split
10. नॄ  to load
11. पुष्  to nourish
12. पॄ  to protect, to fill
13. बन्ध् to bind,
to tie
14. भॄ to blame,
to support
15. मन्थ् to churn
16. मुष् to steal,
to rob
17. ली to adhere,
to stick firmly, to embrace, to lie or rest on, to dwell in, to hide
क्रयादि (नवमगण – आत्मनेपद
वृ  to select as a boon
.क्रयादि (नवमगण – उभयपद
1.  कॄ to hurt,
to kill
2.  क्री to buy, to
purchase
3.  ग्रह्  to take, to receive, to accept
4.  धू to shake,
to tremble
5.  पू to purify
6.  प्री to please,
to shine
7.  मी to kill,
to destroy
8.  यु to hurt,
to transgress, to bind, to join
9.  लू to cut, to
pluck, to gather flowers
10. सि to tie, to
bind
11. स्तृ to cover,
to clothe
चुरादि (दशम्गण उभयपद
1.  अंश्  to divide
2.  कथ्  to tell, to narrate
3.  कॄत्(कीर्त्) to name,
to glorify
4.  क्षल् (क्षाल्) to wash,
cleanse
5.  गण् to count,
to enumerate
6.  गवेष् to seek,
to hunt for
7.  घुष् (घोष्)
(generally with 
उद्) to make sound
8.  चिन्त् to think,
to consider
9.  चुर्(चोर्) to steal,
to rob
10. चूर्ण् to crush,
to contract, to reduce, to powder
11. छद् (छाद्) to cover
12. छल् to
deceive, to cheat, to delude, to outwit
13. तड् (ताड्) to beat,
to strike
14. तर्क्  to guess, to suppose
15. तर्ज् to blame
16. तुल् (तोल्) to weigh,
to weigh (compare) in mind
17. दण्ड् to punish,
to fine
18. धू (धून्) to shake,
to cause to move o tremble
19. धृ (धार्)to hold,
to bear, to carry, to support
20. पार् to
accomplish, to finish
21. पीड् to press,
to hurt, to pain
22. पूज् to worship
23. पूर् to fill,
to satisfy
24. प्रथ् to become
famous, to increase, to spread
25. प्री (प्रीण्)  to please
26. भू (भाव्) to be
purified, to consider, to mix, to mingle
27. भूष् to adorn,
to decorate
28. मड् (मण्ड्) to adorn,
to be glad
29. मार्ग् to seek
for, to go, to trace out
30. मुच् (मोच्)  to set free, to delight
31. मृष्(मर्ष्)  to endure, to bear, to suffer
32. युज्(योज्) to unite,
to join
33. रच् to
arrange, to make, to write, to adorn
34. रूप्(generally
with 
नि) to view, to form, to perform, to gesticulate, to
ascertain, to perceive, to state
35. लक्ष् to see, to
mark, to notice, to define
36. लोक्/लोच् to speak,
to behold, to perceive, to shine
37. वर् to get, to
ask for, to seek
38. वर्ण् to colour,
to describe, to relate, to grind
39. वीज् to fan
40. वृज्(वर्ज्)to abandon
41. सान्त्व् to
appease, to comfort, to console, to soothe, to compromise
42. सूच् to point
out, to indicate, to show. to reveal, to betray
43. स्पृह् to wish
44. स्वाद् (generally
with 
) to taste
                         Summary
                           परस्मैपदी  आत्मनेपदी    उभयपदी    Total
१.     भ्वादि                  70         59   
     20    
149                       
          
२.     अदादि                 28     13         7    
48      
३.     जुहोत्यादि              13            2           6      21
४.     दिवादि                 46          32           7      85
५.     स्वादि                  14           2           9      25
६.     तुदादि                  20           5          13      38
७.     रुधादि                  11           3           9      23   
८.     तनादि                   0          
2           8      10 
९.     क्रयादो                  17           1          11      29    
१०.  चुरादि                    0          
0          44      44 
                     219        119     
134    472

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